《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(1): 45-53

蓝莓果实不同发育期维管束解剖结构与水分运输变化

谢兆森^*, 杜鸿儒, 项殿芳, 齐永顺

河北科技师范学院园艺科技学院, 河北秦皇岛066600

通信作者：谢兆森；E-mail: xiezhaosen@sina.com

摘　要：

本文通过研究蓝莓果实不同发育期果实维管束解剖结构和水分运输变化, 并结合果实生长动态与糖酸积累规律, 揭示蓝莓果实不同发育期果实水分运输变化与果实生长和结构的关系。以‘蓝丰’蓝莓果实为试验材料, 采用石蜡切片法、染料示踪法、品质分析和动态观察法, 研究蓝莓果实不同发育期果实维管束水分运输规律。结果表明蓝莓果实横径呈双S曲线生长, 在果实第1次快速生长期(Stage I), 果实维管束染色范围最大, 水分运输速率也最大, 但从果实进入生长停滞期(Stage II)后, 果实维管束水分运输速率下降, 果实染色范围下降, 在果实进入第2次快速生长期后(Stage III), 果实中央维管束水分运输速率比生长滞后期稍有增加, 但心皮主维管束运输速率下降, 在果实发育成熟期(Stage IV), 果实维管束染色范围最小, 果实维管束水分运输速率也最低。从果实解剖结构来看, 在蓝莓果实整个生长过程中, 维管束结构都保持完整, 但中央维管束和心皮主维管束周围的薄壁细胞和果肉细胞在进入到第2次快速生长期(Stage II)后发生破裂, 同时该时期果实内糖分积累增加, 有机酸含量下降。综上所述, 在蓝莓果实发育过程中, 维管束结构虽然保持完整, 但周围薄壁细胞和果肉细胞的破裂能够引起果实水分运输速率下降。

关键词：蓝莓; 果实; 维管束; 水分运输

收稿：2017-11-15   修定：2018-01-02

资助：国家自然科学基金(31470104)和河北省自然科学基金(C2018407036)。

The changes of anatomical structure of vascular bundles and water transport in blueberry fruit during different growth and development stages

XIE Zhao-Sen^*, DU Hong-Ru, XIANG Dian-Fang, QI Yong-Shun

College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Technology and Science, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600, China

Corresponding author: XIE Zhao-Sen; E-mail: xiezhaosen@sina.com

Abstract:

The objective of this paper was to explore the relationship of fruit growth and structure with its water transport pathway in blueberry by examining its vascular anatomy using xylem specific dye and accumulation pattern of sugars and acids. The blueberry fruit exhibited double sigmoid growth pattern wherein the growth stage I showed rapid and highest dye uptake resulting in an intense colored fruit. Thereafter, dye uptake into the fruit declined starting at the onset of lag phase (Stage II) and was found to be lowest during ripening (Stage IV). However, the vascular bundles remained structurally intact throughout all growth stages. During the second growth (Stage III), the parenchyma and flesh cells around vascular bundle lost their integrity while sugar contents increased and organic acids declined. During the final growth stage (Stage IV), despite structural integrity of vascular bundles, water import sharply decreased into the fruit. The decline in water import into the fruit was associated with a decrease in fruit water potential possibly due to loss of viable parenchyma and flesh cells around vascular bundle.

Key words: blueberry; fruit; vascular bundle; water transport